– Peer-reviewed publications
– Special Issues of Peer-Reviewed Journals and Books
– Non peer-reviewed publications
– Conference abstracts
– Maps
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Conference abstracts
2013
Can InSAR contribute to volcano early warning systems?
d’Oreye N., Arjona A., Samsonov S., Smets B., Kervyn F.
Abstract, IAVCEI 2013 General Assembly, Kagoshima, Japan, July 20-24 2013
The crucial role of digital elevation modelling to study Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes (North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo)
Smets B., Albino F., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Poppe S., Kervyn M.
Abstract, IAVCEI 2013 General Assembly, Kagoshima, Japan, July 20-24 2013
Rift structure in the Kivu basin and recent evolution of Lake Kivu, western branch of the East African Rift System.
Smets B., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Kervyn M., Ross K.A.
Abstract, 24th Colloquium of African Geology, Addis Ababa, January 8-14 2013
The crucial role of Earth Observation for geohazard assessment in the Kivu rift zone.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Smets B.
Abstract, 24th Colloquium of African Geology, Addis Ababa, January 8-14 2013
2012
A study of geomorphological features and volcanic deformation in the Virunga Volcanic Province (Central Africa) from Tandem-X interferometry.
Albino F., Smets B., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, AGU Fall Meeting 2012, San Francisco, California, USA, December 3-7 2012
Multidimensional Time Series Analysis Of Ground Deformation From Multiple InSAR Data Sets Applied To Virunga Volcanic Province.
d’Oreye N., Samsonov S., Smets B.
Abstract, AGU Fall Meeting 2012, San Francisco, California, USA, December 3-7 2012
Volcanic hazard in the East African Rift. (Solicited review).
d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Lukaya F., Kervyn M., Smets B., Delcamp A.
Abstract, GeoPRISMS East African Rift System (EARS), Morristown NJ, USA, October 25-27 2012
Volcano monitoring in the Virunga Volcanic Province, DR Congo.
d’Oreye N., Albino F., Cayol V., Gonzalez P., Kervyn F., Samsonov S., Smets B., Wauthier C., Bagalwa L.M., Mashagiro N., Muhindo A., Syauswa M.
Abstract, GeoPRISMS East African Rift System (EARS), Morristown NJ, USA, October 25-27 2012
Achieving scientific projects in Central Africa: some shared experience.
d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Smets B.
Abstract, GeoPRISMS East African Rift System (EARS), Morristown NJ, USA, October 25-27 2012
Projects and current initiatives for scientific research and hazard assessment in the Albertine Rift.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, GeoPRISMS East African Rift System (EARS), Morristown NJ, USA, October 25-27 2012
Contribution of geomorphology in the study of the geodynamic settings and the volcanic activity in the Virunga (Great Lake Region, Central Africa).
Smets B.
Abstract, VUB NSE-PhD Days, Brussels, Belgium, June 8 2012
Multidimensional time series analysis of ground deformation from SAR data acquired in various orbital geometries.
d’Oreye N., Samsonov S.
Abstract, International Forum on Satellite Earth Observation for Geohazard Risk Management, Santorini, Greece, May 21-23 2012
Multiple geohazards in a difficult African societal context: the crucial role of Earth Observation data.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, International Forum on Satellite Earth Observation for Geohazard Risk Management, Santorini, Greece, May 21-23 2012
Multidimensional time series analysis of ground deformation from SAR data acquired in various orbital geometries.
Samsonov S., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, 16th Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute (CASI) Astronautics Conference, Quebec, Canada, April 24-26 2012
Two Decades of InSAR Observations in the Kivu Basin, Western Branch of East African Rift.
d’Oreye N., Samsonov S., Cayol V., Wauthier C., Kervyn F.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
Multidimensional time series analysis of ground deformation from SAR data acquired in various orbital geometries.
Samsonov S., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
Nyiragongo Volcano Eruption, 2002, as Constrained by InSAR Data.
Wauthier C., Cayol V., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
Magma driven extension in an immature continental rift, based on InSAR observations of Nyiragongo Volcano in 2002.
Cayol V., Wauthier C., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
Geodynamic framework of the western part of the Virunga Volcanic Province.
Smets B., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Kervyn M.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
Nyiragongo volcano (D.R. Congo): Study and monitoring of the lava lake.
Smets B., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Oth A.
Abstract, Magmatic Rifting and Active Volcanism Conference 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, January 11-13 2012
2011
Impacts of the volcanic plumes in North Kivu (D.R. Congo): Preliminary results.
Michellier C., Smets B., Dramaix-Wilmet M., Kahindo J.B., Kervyn F.
Abstract, 2011 Belgian Biodiversity & Public Health Conference, Brussels, Belgium, November 30 2011
New insights into the geodynamic framework of the western part of the Virunga Volcanic Province.
Smets B., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, 96th Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique, Luxembourg, 24-26th October 2011
Nyiragongo volcano (North Kivu, DRC): 3D modelling and monitoring of the main crater.
Smets B., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract, 96th Journées Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamique, Luxembourg, 24-26th October 2011
The 2008 seismic crisis in the southern Kivu basin (DR Congo/Rwanda).
d’Oreye N., González P.J. , Shuler A., Oth A., Bagalwa L., Ekström G., Kavotha D., Kervyn F., Lucas C., Lukaya F., Osodundu E., Wauthier C. & Fernández, J.
Abstract, 23rd Colloquium of African Geology, Johannesburg January 8-14th 2011
Lava flow hazard at Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira, DRC: Insights from remote sensing.
Smets B., Kervyn M., Kervyn F., Tedesco D. and the GVO team
Abstract, 23rd Colloquium of African Geology, Johannesburg January 8-14th 2011
The January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC) captured by InSAR.
Wauthier, C., Cayol, V., Kervyn, F., and d’Oreye, N.
Abstract, 23rd Colloquium of African Geology, Johannesburg January 8-14th 2011
2010
(Re)location of the February 2008 Bukavu earthquake. Was it associated with magma intrusion?
N. d’Oreye, P.J. Gonzalez, A. Shuler, L. Bagalwa, G. Ekström, D. Kavotha, F. Kervyn, C. Lucas, F. Lukaya, E. Osodundu, A. Oth, C. Wauthier, J. Fernandez
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
Continuous CO2 and Radon recording in/around mazuku.
A. Kies, Z. Tosheva, B. Smets
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
GORISK Project: a multi-disciplinary approach for the monitoring of the volcanic activity in the Goma region (N-Kivu, DRC) and the mitigation of related risks.
A-C van Overbeke, I. Badriyo, M. Bagalwa, K. Karume, D. Kavotha, F. Kervyn, A. Kies, F. Lukaya, P. Mitangala, N. d’Oreye, E. Osodundu, B. Smets, D. Tedesco, C. Wauthier , M. Yalire.
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
Lethal dry gas vents called “mazuku” North of Lake Kivu (D.R. Congo): Preferential location, gas dynamics and their implication for risk management.
B. Smets, F. Kervyn, A. Kies, D. Tedesco, O. Vaselli, M.M. Yalire
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
Lava flow hazard from Nyamulagira volcano (North Kivu, D.R. Congo).
B. Smets, M. Kervyn.
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
The January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC) captured by InSAR.
C. Wauthier, V. Cayol, N. d’Oreye, F. Kervyn.
Abstract, Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, and Biogeochemical, and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu, Gisenyi, Rwanda, 13-15 January 2010
InSAR displacements associated with the November 2006 and January 2010 Nyamulagira eruptions.
V. Cayol, C. Wauthier, N. d’Oreye, F. Kervyn, and the GVO Team,
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
Description of the January 2010 Eruption of Nyamulagira (North Kivu, D.R. Congo)
Karume Katcho, Kavotha Deogratias, Kervyn François, Lukaya François, d’Oreye Nicolas, Rukeza Bagalwa, Smets Benoît, Tedesco Dario, Wauthier Christelle and the GVO team,
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
Study of the Nyiragongo – Nyamulagira Area (Dem. Rep. of Congo) by Means of Multi-Temporal InSAR Approaches: Comparison of the Stamps (TU Delft) and SBAS (IREA) methods.
Wauthier, C., Hooper, A., Sansosti, E., Zeni, G., Pepe, A., d’Oreye, N.
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
The Combined Use of Multispectral and Radar Satellite Images to Map the Lava Flow Field of Nyamulagira (North Kivu, D.R.C.).
Smets Benoît, Wauthier Christelle, d’Oreye Nicolas
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
SBAS-DInSAR Investigation of the displacement field at Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo volcanoes in Congo.
G. Zeni, A. Pepe, P. Tizzani, S. Pepe, G. Solaro, N. D’Oreye, J. Fernandez, P. Gonzalez, E. Sansosti
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
Analysis of historical eruptive activity at Nyamulagira (North Kivu, D.R.C.): implications for hazards.
B. Smets, M. Kervyn, F. Kervyn
Abstract, Cities on Volcanoes, Tenerife, Canary Islands, (Spain) May 31 to June 4, 2010
New insights into eruptive activity and lava flow hazard at Nyamulagira volcano, D.R.C., from a new GIS-based lava flow map.
Benoît Smets, Matthieu Kervyn, François Kervyn, Nicolas d’Oreye, Christelle Wauthier
Abstract, AGU 13–17 December 2010, San Francisco, California, USA
Activity of Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira Volcanoes (Dem. Rep. of Congo) Revealed Using Geological, Geophysical and InSAR data
C. Wauthier, V. Cayol, A. Hooper, F. Kervyn, P. Marinkovic, d’Oreye, M. Poland.
Abstract, AGU 13–17 December 2010, San Francisco, California, USA
Temporal and spatial evolution of eruptive activity at Nyamulagira, DRC, and its implications for hazards.
B. Smets, M. Kervyn
Abstract, Europen Geophysical Union General Assembly, May 2-7, 2010, Vienna, Austria
Monitoring of volcanic activity in the VirungaProvince (N-Kivu, DRC): Experience of the GORISK project and illustration with the Nyamulagira January 2010 eruption.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Smets B., van Overbeke A-C, Wauthier C., Tedesco D., Kies A., Mitangala P., Badriyo I., Karume K., Kavotha D., Bagalwa M., Yalire M., Lukaya F., Osodundu E.
Abstract, Belgian Earth Observation Day 2010, May 6, 2010, Chaudfontaine, Belgium
2009
Was the February 2008 Bukavu seismic sequence associated with magma intrusion?
N. d’Oreye, P.J. Gonzalez, A. Shuler, L. Bagalwa, G. Ekstöm, J. Fernandez, D. Kavotha, F. Kervyn, C. Lucas, F. Lukaya, E. Osodundu, A. Oth, C. Wauthier.
Abstract, 95th Journée Luxembourgeoises de Géodynamiques, November 9-11, 2009, Echternach, Luxembourg
The MW 5.9 February 3rd 2008 Bukavu Earthquake.
d’Oreye N., Gonzalez P., Shuler A., Bagalwa M., Ekstöm G., Kavotha D., Kervyn F., Lukaya F., Osodundu E., Oth A.
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
Seismic and volcanic activity in Africa monitored by InSAR.
d’Oreye N., Calais E., Cayol V., Fernández J., Frischknecht C., Gonzalez P., Heleno S., Kervyn F., Marinkovic P., Oyen A., Wauthier C.
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
InSAR displacements associated to the November 2006 Nyamulagira eruption.
Cayol V., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Wauthier C. and the GVO Team
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
L-band contribution to C-band InSAR studies of African volcanic areas.
Wauthier C., Oyen A.M., Marinkovic P.S., Cayol V., Fernandez J., Gonzalez P., Hanssen R.F., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Shirzaei M., Walter T.R.
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
The January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC) captured by InSAR.
Wauthier C., Cayol V., Kervyn F., d’Oreye N.
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
The importance of remote sensing in the monitoring of volcanic activity in the Goma region (DR of Congo): experience from the gorisk project.
van Overbeke A.-C., Smets B., Wauthier C., d’Oreye N., Tedesco D., Kies A., Mitangala P., Bagalwa M., Yalire M., Lukaya F., Kavotha D., Osodundu E., Durieux J., Kervyn F.
Abstract for 2009 IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium, July 13-17 2009, Cape Town, Africa
Automatic InSAR systematic processing and web based tool for efficient data mining: application to volcano monitoring in Africa.
N. d’Oreye, and G. Celli.
Abstract, FRINGE09, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati(IT), 30 November – 04 December 2009
InSAR displacements associated to the November 2006 Nyamulagira eruption.
V. Cayol, N. d’Oreye, F. Kervyn, C. Wauthier and the GVO Team
Abstract, FRINGE09, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati(IT), 30 November – 04 December 2009
The January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC) captured by InSAR.
Christelle Wauthier, Valérie Cayol, François Kervyn and Nicolas d’Oreye
Abstract, FRINGE09, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati(IT), 30 November – 04 December 2009
Was the February 2008 Bukavu seismic sequence associated with magma intrusion?
N. d’Oreye, P.J. Gonzalez, A. Shuler, L. Bagalwa, G. Ekstöm, D. Kavotha, F. Kervyn, F. Lukaya, E. Osodundu, A. Oth, C. Wauthier
Abstract, FRINGE09, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati(IT), 30 November – 04 December 2009
Deformation modeling from multiswaths in InSAR data at Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes.
V. Cayol, C. Wauthier, N. d’Oreye, F. Kervyn and the GVO staff.
Abstract, Advanced Workshop on Evaluating, Monitoring and Communicating Volcanic and Seismic Hazards in East Africa, Trieste, Italy, August 17-28, 2009
The Goma volcanic observatory around Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes.
M. Bagalwa et al.
Abstract, Advanced Workshop on Evaluating, Monitoring and Communicating Volcanic and Seismic Hazards in East Africa, Trieste, Italy, August 17-28, 2009
2008
Three years of systematic ground deformation monitoring of active African volcanoes performed at the NationalMuseum of Natural History of Luxembourg.
d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Calais E., Cayol V., Fernández J., Frischknecht C., Gonzalez P., Heleno S., Oyen A. and Wauthier C. (2008)
Abstract Luxembourg Earth Observation Day – Remote sensing applications in hydrology, November 19th 2008, Bourglinster, Luxembourg
InSAR displacements associated to the November 2006 Nyamuragira eruption.
Cayol V., N., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F. and the GVO Team
Abstr. IAVCEI 2008 general assembly, 18-22 August 2008,Reykjavik, Iceland.
Modeling of InSAR displacements related with the January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC).
Wauthier C., Cayol V., d’Oreye N., F. Kervyn F.
Abstr. IAVCEI 2008 general assembly, 18-22 August 2008,Reykjavik, Iceland.
GORISK – The combined use of Ground-based and Remote Sensing techniques as a tool for volcanic risk and health impact assessment for the Goma region (N-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo).
A.-C. van Overbeke et al.
Abstract, Belgian Earth Observation Day 2008, February 12, 2008, Namur, Belgium
2007
Ground deformations associated to the Nyiragongo 2002 and the Nyamulagira 2006 eruptions (DR Congo) revealed by InSAR.
d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Cayol V., Wauthier C. and the SAMAAV team
Abstract, 24th Gen. Assembly of the Int. Union of Geod. And Geophys., July 2007, Perugia, Italy
InSAR study and monitoring of the Nyiragongo – Nyamuragira volcanoes, Democratic Republic of Congo.
d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Fernández J. and the SAMAAV team
Abstract, ESA ENVISAT Symposium, 22-28 April 2007, Montreux (Switzerland)
The November 2006 Nyamulagira eruption revealed by InSAR.
d’Oreye N., Cayol V., Kervyn F. and the GVO team
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg, 19-21 November 2007
Modeling of InSAR displacements related with the January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC).
Wauthier C., Cayol V., Kervyn F. and d’Oreye N.
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Towards the progressive setup of a GIS platform integrating major monitored volcanic parameters of the GORISK project, Nyiragongo (DR Congo).
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., van Overbeke A.-C.
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Recent seismic activity at volcano Nyamulagira, western Rift Valley of Africa.
Lukaya F.N., Kavotha D., Mavonga T., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F., Durieux J., Bizimana R., Wafula M.
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Petrochemical Geodynamics of Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira Volcanoes in the Western Rift of the East African Rift System (EARS).
A.R. Basu, A.P. Santo, R. Chakrabarti, O. Vaselli, D. Tedesco
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Radon and CO2 measurements around Nyiragongo.
Antoine Kies, Harald Hofmann, Zornitza Tosheva
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Nyiragongo – A Unique Global Bromine and Sulphur Emission In to The Free Troposphere.
N. Bobrowski N., G.B. Giuffrida, D. Tedesco, M. Yalire
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
The “mazukus” in South of Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira (DRC): hypothesis of formation and first risk assessment.
B. Smets, F. Kervyn, D. Tedesco, O. Vaselli, M.M. Yalire
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Active and Passive Margins of the Western African Rift: Helium and Carbon Isotopic Signatures in the Lake Kivu Region (D.R.C.).
D. Tedesco, R.J. Poreda, F. Tassi, O. Vaselli, M. Yalire
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
The January 2002 Volcano-Tectonic Eruption of Nyiragongo volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo.
D. Tedesco, O.Vaselli, P. Papale, S.A. Carn, M. Voltaggio,G.M. Sawyer, J. Durieux, M. Kasereka, F. Tassi.
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Environmental impact of the Nyiragongo volcanic plume after the 2002 eruption.
O. Vaselli, F. Tassi, D. Tedesco, E. Cuoco, B. Nisi, M.Y. Mapendano
Abstracts of the 26th ECGS Workshop on “Active Volcanism and Continental Rifting”, Luxembourg,
19-21 November 2007
Modelling of InSAR displacements related with the January 2002 eruption of Nyiragongo volcano (DRC).
Wauthier C., Cayol V., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F.
Proc. of 4th ESA Fringe 2007 workshop, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 26-30 November 2007.
InSAR displacements associated to the November 2006 eruption of Nyamulagira.
Cayol V., d’Oreye N., Kervyn F. and team GVO
Proc. of 4th ESA Fringe 2007 workshop, ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, 26-30 November 2007
Ground deformations associated to the Nyiragongo 2002 and the Nyamulagira 2006 eruptions (DRC) revealed by radar Interferometry.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Durieux J., Kies A., Lukaya F., Mitangala P., Tedesco D.
Proc. of Workshop on Natural and Human-induced Hazards and Disasters in Africa / Conference on the East African Rift System (EARS-07). 21-25 JULY 2007, Kampala, Uganda.
Monitoring the ground deformations of Nyiragongo – Nyamuragira volcanoes and assessing the impact on health and on the environment. The GORISK project.
Kervyn F., d’Oreye N., Durieux J., Kies A., Lukaya F., Mitangala P., Tedesco D.
Proc. of Workshop on Natural and Human-induced Hazards and Disasters in Africa / Conference on the East African Rift System (EARS-07). 21-25 JULY 2007, Kampala, Uganda.
